{"id":309,"date":"2023-07-12T10:37:20","date_gmt":"2023-07-12T10:37:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thinkcarbon.org\/?p=309"},"modified":"2023-07-12T13:42:56","modified_gmt":"2023-07-12T13:42:56","slug":"charting-course-to-greener-waters-a-carbon-tax-on-shipping-emissions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.thinkcarbon.org\/ro\/charting-course-to-greener-waters-a-carbon-tax-on-shipping-emissions\/","title":{"rendered":"Tragerea cursurilor spre ape mai verzi: O tax\u0103 pe emisiile de carbon pentru transportul maritim"},"content":{"rendered":"

Un act de echilibru \u00een largul m\u0103rii<\/strong><\/h2>\n

O propunere de impozitare a emisiilor de dioxid de carbon pentru transportul maritim, al\u0103turi de subven\u021biile substan\u021biale acordate de SUA pentru energiile regenerabile, ar putea reduce diferen\u021ba de cost dintre combustibilii de origine fosil\u0103 \u0219i alternativele durabile.<\/p>\n

Sectorul mondial al transportului maritim a \u00eenregistrat progrese foarte limitate \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te decarbonizarea, \u00een mare parte din cauza costului ridicat al combustibililor regenerabili \u00een compara\u021bie cu cel al combustibilului de bunc\u0103r. Cu toate acestea, v\u00e2nturile schimb\u0103rii ar putea \u00een cur\u00e2nd s\u0103 umple p\u00e2nzele industriei. O eventual\u0103 tax\u0103 pe emisiile de dioxid de carbon pentru transportul maritim, combinat\u0103 cu subven\u021bii americane substan\u021biale pentru energia regenerabil\u0103, ar putea egaliza aceast\u0103 diferen\u021b\u0103 de costuri. Dac\u0103 aceast\u0103 tax\u0103 \u0219i subven\u021biile se vor aplica efectiv, acest lucru ar putea gr\u0103bi foarte mult revolu\u021bia ecologic\u0103 a industriei.<\/p>\n

Trasarea cursului spre reducerea emisiilor<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Industria transportului maritim este responsabil\u0103 pentru un procent substan\u021bial de 3% din emisiile globale \u0219i are nevoie urgent\u0103 de un plan de reducere a amprentei sale de carbon. Navele au o durat\u0103 de via\u021b\u0103 de un sfert de secol, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103, p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2050, orice nav\u0103 aflat\u0103 ast\u0103zi \u00een stocurile de comenzi va continua s\u0103 traverseze m\u0103rile \u00eentr-o lume cu emisii zero. Combustibilii alternativi, \u00een special cei pe baz\u0103 de hidrogen verde, de\u0219i promi\u021b\u0103tori, sunt \u00eenc\u0103 imaturi \u0219i trebuie s\u0103 fie mult mai mult dezvolta\u021bi \u00eenainte de a fi viabili.<\/p>\n

Naviga\u021bi printre alternative: Amoniacul \u0219i metanolul ecologic<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Dintre alternative, amoniacul verde pare a fi cea mai competitiv\u0103 op\u021biune. Cu toate acestea, industria naval\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 se confrunt\u0103 cu implica\u021biile de siguran\u021b\u0103 ale acestui combustibil. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, metanolul verde, creat prin reac\u021bia hidrogenului cu dioxidul de carbon extras din biomas\u0103 sau din atmosfer\u0103, este o tehnologie dovedit\u0103. Prin urmare, acesta este punctul de plecare probabil. De fapt, au fost deja puse \u00een func\u021biune 130 de nave care pot utiliza metanol ca \u0219i combustibil.<\/p>\n

Abordarea obstacolului costurilor<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Cu toate acestea, r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00eens\u0103 obstacolul costurilor. Combustibilul de bunc\u0103r r\u0103m\u00e2ne semnificativ mai ieftin dec\u00e2t oricare dintre aceste alternative ecologice. Pentru a ilustra acest lucru, s\u0103 lu\u0103m \u00een considerare pre\u021bul de anul trecut al combustibilului de bunc\u0103r, care a fost de $825 pe ton\u0103. Chiar \u0219i cu estim\u0103rile mai mici ale costului hidrogenului verde la $2,5 pe kilogram, amoniacul ar costa $1239 pe ton\u0103 (echivalentul p\u0103curii), conform lui Aparajit Pandey, managerul pentru decarbonizarea transportului maritim la grupul de reflec\u021bie pentru energie curat\u0103 RMI. Metanolul ar ridica costul la $1400 pe ton\u0103.<\/p>\n

Av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere cele peste trei tone de carbon din fiecare ton\u0103 de p\u0103cur\u0103, taxa ar trebui s\u0103 fie stabilit\u0103 la $130-180 pe ton\u0103 de CO2 pentru ca schimbarea s\u0103 fie viabil\u0103 din punct de vedere economic, chiar \u0219i \u00eenainte de a lua \u00een considerare orice costuri de infrastructur\u0103.<\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, nu este o cifr\u0103 nerezonabil\u0103. Sistemul de comercializare a certificatelor de emisii al Uniunii Europene (EU ETS), care urmeaz\u0103 s\u0103 fie impus pentru emisiile din transportul maritim \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu 2024, se situeaz\u0103 \u00een prezent \u00een jurul valorii de 90 de euro pe ton\u0103 \u0219i se preconizeaz\u0103 c\u0103 va cre\u0219te \u00een anii urm\u0103tori. Chiar \u0219i o tax\u0103 pe carbon mai mic\u0103 ar putea oferi o oarecare u\u0219urare, mai ales dac\u0103 este cuplat\u0103 cu subven\u021biile americane. Aceste subven\u021bii ar putea reduce costul hidrogenului cu $1,5 pe kilogram. Acest lucru ar putea reduce drastic taxa pe carbon necesar\u0103 la dou\u0103 cifre, sau chiar mai mult pentru combustibilii pe baz\u0103 de hidrogen, care sunt cei mai ieftini.<\/p>\n

Un apel la arme pentru industria naval\u0103<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Na\u021biunile care export\u0103 combustibili fosili sau bunuri pe distan\u021be mari pot tremura la g\u00e2ndul unei taxe de orice nivel. Cu toate acestea, ar trebui s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i reconsidere pozi\u021bia. Chiar \u0219i o tax\u0103 mai mare de $100 pe ton\u0103 adaug\u0103 doar sume minuscule la costul bunurilor transportate. A sosit momentul ca industria transportului maritim s\u0103 se mobilizeze \u0219i s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i exprime ferm sprijinul pentru o tax\u0103 pe carbon.<\/p>\n

Perspective de la Think Carbon<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u00cen dialogul \u00een evolu\u021bie privind transportul maritim ecologic, Think Carbon, o companie specializat\u0103 \u00een calculul predictiv al emisiilor de dioxid de carbon, care utilizeaz\u0103 cea mai recent\u0103 tehnologie de inteligen\u021b\u0103 artificial\u0103, a intrat \u00een discu\u021bie. Punctul de vedere calculat al acesteia cu privire la subven\u021biile propuse pentru combustibilii verzi \u0219i la taxa pe combustibilii fosili este c\u0103 nu este doar o m\u0103sur\u0103 bun\u0103, ci \u0219i una care trebuia luat\u0103 de mult timp.<\/p>\n

Think Carbon salut\u0103 acest progres: \"Suntem \u00eenc\u00e2nta\u021bi s\u0103 vedem c\u0103 industria interna\u021bional\u0103 a transportului maritim abordeaz\u0103 \u00een sf\u00e2r\u0219it problema urgent\u0103 a emisiilor de carbon. Subven\u021bia propus\u0103 pentru combustibilii verzi \u0219i taxa pe combustibilii de origine fosil\u0103 reprezint\u0103 o schimbare foarte necesar\u0103 \u0219i binevenit\u0103 \u00een direc\u021bia corect\u0103.\"<\/p>\n

De asemenea, ei se fac ecoul apelului la arme pentru comunitatea global\u0103 mai larg\u0103: \"\u00cencuraj\u0103m din toat\u0103 inima mai multe na\u021biuni s\u0103 investeasc\u0103 \u00een tehnologii de reducere a emisiilor de carbon. Este esen\u021bial nu numai pentru industria naval\u0103, ci pentru toate sectoarele s\u0103 se orienteze c\u0103tre sustenabilitate pentru s\u0103n\u0103tatea planetei noastre.\" Ace\u0219tia arat\u0103 clar c\u0103, \u00een aceast\u0103 er\u0103 a con\u0219tientiz\u0103rii problemelor de mediu, fiecare pas spre un viitor durabil este un pas care merit\u0103 f\u0103cut.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un act de echilibru \u00een largul m\u0103rii O propunere de impozitare a emisiilor de dioxid de carbon pentru transportul maritim, al\u0103turi de subven\u021biile substan\u021biale acordate de SUA pentru energiile regenerabile, ar putea reduce diferen\u021ba de cost dintre combustibilii de origine fosil\u0103 \u0219i alternativele durabile. Sectorul mondial al transportului maritim a \u00eenregistrat progrese foarte limitate \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te decarbonizarea, \u00een mare parte din cauza costului ridicat al combustibililor regenerabili \u00een compara\u021bie cu cel al combustibilului pentru bunc\u0103re.....<\/p>","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":318,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-309","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nCharting Course to Greener Waters: A Carbon Tax on Shipping Emissions - Think Carbon<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A proposed carbon tax on shipping emissions, alongside substantial US subsidies for renewables, could potentially bridge the cost gap between fossil-based fuels and sustainable alternatives.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thinkcarbon.org\/ro\/charting-course-to-greener-waters-a-carbon-tax-on-shipping-emissions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Charting Course to Greener Waters: A Carbon Tax on Shipping Emissions - 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