{"id":309,"date":"2023-07-12T10:37:20","date_gmt":"2023-07-12T10:37:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thinkcarbon.org\/?p=309"},"modified":"2023-07-12T13:42:56","modified_gmt":"2023-07-12T13:42:56","slug":"charting-course-to-greener-waters-a-carbon-tax-on-shipping-emissions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.thinkcarbon.org\/pl\/charting-course-to-greener-waters-a-carbon-tax-on-shipping-emissions\/","title":{"rendered":"Kurs na bardziej ekologiczne wody: Podatek w\u0119glowy od emisji z transportu morskiego"},"content":{"rendered":"

R\u00f3wnowaga na pe\u0142nym morzu<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Proponowany podatek w\u0119glowy od emisji z transportu morskiego, wraz ze znacznymi ameryka\u0144skimi dotacjami na odnawialne \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142a energii, m\u00f3g\u0142by potencjalnie wype\u0142ni\u0107 luk\u0119 kosztow\u0105 mi\u0119dzy paliwami kopalnymi a zr\u00f3wnowa\u017conymi alternatywami.<\/p>\n

Globalny sektor \u017ceglugowy poczyni\u0142 bardzo ograniczone post\u0119py w kierunku dekarbonizacji, g\u0142\u00f3wnie ze wzgl\u0119du na wysoki koszt paliw odnawialnych w por\u00f3wnaniu do paliwa bunkrowego. Wiatry zmian mog\u0105 jednak wkr\u00f3tce wype\u0142ni\u0107 \u017cagle bran\u017cy. Przysz\u0142y podatek w\u0119glowy od emisji z transportu morskiego, w po\u0142\u0105czeniu ze znacznymi ameryka\u0144skimi dotacjami na energi\u0119 odnawialn\u0105, mo\u017ce wyr\u00f3wna\u0107 t\u0119 r\u00f3\u017cnic\u0119 w kosztach. Je\u015bli ten podatek i dotacje rzeczywi\u015bcie zostan\u0105 wprowadzone, mo\u017ce to znacznie przyspieszy\u0107 zielon\u0105 rewolucj\u0119 w bran\u017cy.<\/p>\n

Wyznaczanie kursu w kierunku redukcji emisji<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Bran\u017ca \u017ceglugowa jest odpowiedzialna za 3% globalnej emisji i pilnie potrzebuje planu zmniejszenia swojego \u015bladu w\u0119glowego. \u017bywotno\u015b\u0107 statk\u00f3w wynosi \u0107wier\u0107 wieku, co oznacza, \u017ce do 2050 r. wszystkie statki znajduj\u0105ce si\u0119 obecnie w zam\u00f3wieniach b\u0119d\u0105 nadal przemierza\u0107 morza w \u015bwiecie o zerowej emisji netto. Paliwa alternatywne, w szczeg\u00f3lno\u015bci te oparte na ekologicznym wodorze, cho\u0107 obiecuj\u0105ce, s\u0105 wci\u0105\u017c niedojrza\u0142e i musz\u0105 zosta\u0107 poddane dalszemu rozwojowi, zanim stan\u0105 si\u0119 op\u0142acalne.<\/p>\n

Nawigacja po alternatywach: Zielony amoniak i metanol<\/strong><\/h2>\n

W\u015br\u00f3d alternatyw, zielony amoniak wydaje si\u0119 by\u0107 najbardziej konkurencyjn\u0105 opcj\u0105. Jednak bran\u017ca \u017ceglugowa wci\u0105\u017c boryka si\u0119 z kwestiami bezpiecze\u0144stwa zwi\u0105zanymi z tym paliwem. Z drugiej strony, zielony metanol, powstaj\u0105cy w reakcji wodoru z dwutlenkiem w\u0119gla pozyskiwanym z biomasy lub atmosfery, jest sprawdzon\u0105 technologi\u0105. Jest to zatem prawdopodobny punkt wyj\u015bcia. W rzeczywisto\u015bci 130 statk\u00f3w, w pe\u0142ni zdolnych do wykorzystania metanolu jako paliwa, zosta\u0142o ju\u017c oddanych do u\u017cytku.<\/p>\n

Pokonywanie przeszk\u00f3d zwi\u0105zanych z kosztami<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Przeszkod\u0105 pozostaj\u0105 jednak koszty. Paliwo bunkrowe pozostaje znacznie ta\u0144sze ni\u017c kt\u00f3rakolwiek z tych ekologicznych alternatyw. Aby to zilustrowa\u0107, rozwa\u017cmy zesz\u0142oroczn\u0105 cen\u0119 paliwa bunkrowego, kt\u00f3ra wynosi\u0142a $825 za ton\u0119. Nawet przy ni\u017cszych szacunkach koszt\u00f3w zielonego wodoru na poziomie $2,5 za kilogram, amoniak kosztowa\u0142by $1239 za ton\u0119 (r\u00f3wnowarto\u015b\u0107 oleju opa\u0142owego), jak twierdzi Aparajit Pandey, mened\u017cer ds. dekarbonizacji \u017ceglugi w think-tanku RMI zajmuj\u0105cym si\u0119 czyst\u0105 energi\u0105. Metanol podni\u00f3s\u0142by koszt do $1400 za ton\u0119.<\/p>\n

Bior\u0105c pod uwag\u0119 ponad trzy tony w\u0119gla w ka\u017cdej tonie oleju opa\u0142owego, op\u0142ata musia\u0142aby zosta\u0107 ustalona na poziomie $130-180 za ton\u0119 CO2, aby zmiana by\u0142a ekonomicznie op\u0142acalna, nawet przed uwzgl\u0119dnieniem jakichkolwiek koszt\u00f3w infrastruktury.<\/p>\n

Nie jest to jednak nierozs\u0105dna kwota. Unijny system handlu uprawnieniami do emisji (EU ETS), kt\u00f3ry ma zosta\u0107 na\u0142o\u017cony na emisje z transportu morskiego od 2024 r., wynosi obecnie oko\u0142o 90 euro za ton\u0119 i przewiduje si\u0119, \u017ce wzro\u015bnie w nadchodz\u0105cych latach. Nawet ni\u017cszy podatek w\u0119glowy m\u00f3g\u0142by przynie\u015b\u0107 pewn\u0105 ulg\u0119, zw\u0142aszcza w po\u0142\u0105czeniu z ameryka\u0144skimi dotacjami. Dotacje te mog\u0142yby obni\u017cy\u0107 koszt wodoru o $1,5 za kilogram. Mog\u0142oby to drastycznie zmniejszy\u0107 wymagan\u0105 op\u0142at\u0119 w\u0119glow\u0105 do dwucyfrowej warto\u015bci, a nawet dalej w przypadku paliw opartych na najta\u0144szym wodorze.<\/p>\n

Wezwanie do broni dla bran\u017cy \u017ceglugowej<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Narody, kt\u00f3re eksportuj\u0105 paliwa kopalne lub towary na du\u017ce odleg\u0142o\u015bci, mog\u0105 dr\u017ce\u0107 na my\u015bl o podatku na dowolnym poziomie. Powinny one jednak ponownie rozwa\u017cy\u0107 swoje stanowisko. Nawet podatek w wysoko\u015bci powy\u017cej $100 za ton\u0119 tylko w niewielkim stopniu zwi\u0119ksza koszt transportowanych towar\u00f3w. Najwy\u017cszy czas, aby bran\u017ca \u017ceglugowa zmobilizowa\u0142a si\u0119 i zdecydowanie opowiedzia\u0142a si\u0119 za podatkiem w\u0119glowym.<\/p>\n

Spostrze\u017cenia Think Carbon<\/strong><\/h2>\n

W rozwijaj\u0105cy si\u0119 dialog na temat ekologicznej \u017ceglugi w\u0142\u0105czy\u0142a si\u0119 firma Think Carbon, specjalizuj\u0105ca si\u0119 w predykcyjnym obliczaniu emisji dwutlenku w\u0119gla przy u\u017cyciu najnowszych technologii sztucznej inteligencji. Ich wyliczone podej\u015bcie do proponowanych dotacji na paliwa ekologiczne i podatku od paliw kopalnych jest takie, \u017ce jest to nie tylko dobry ruch, ale taki, kt\u00f3ry jest ju\u017c dawno sp\u00f3\u017aniony.<\/p>\n

Think Carbon pochwala ten post\u0119p: \"Cieszymy si\u0119, \u017ce mi\u0119dzynarodowy przemys\u0142 \u017ceglugowy w ko\u0144cu zaj\u0105\u0142 si\u0119 piln\u0105 kwesti\u0105 emisji dwutlenku w\u0119gla. Proponowane dotacje na paliwa ekologiczne i podatek od paliw kopalnych to bardzo potrzebna i mile widziana zmiana we w\u0142a\u015bciwym kierunku\".<\/p>\n

\"Z ca\u0142ego serca zach\u0119camy wi\u0119cej kraj\u00f3w do inwestowania w technologie ograniczaj\u0105ce emisj\u0119 dwutlenku w\u0119gla. Kluczowe jest, aby nie tylko bran\u017ca \u017ceglugowa, ale wszystkie sektory zwr\u00f3ci\u0142y si\u0119 w kierunku zr\u00f3wnowa\u017conego rozwoju dla zdrowia naszej planety\". Wyja\u015bniaj\u0105, \u017ce w erze \u015bwiadomo\u015bci ekologicznej ka\u017cdy krok w kierunku zr\u00f3wnowa\u017conej przysz\u0142o\u015bci jest krokiem wartym podj\u0119cia.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Proponowany podatek w\u0119glowy od emisji z \u017ceglugi, wraz ze znacznymi ameryka\u0144skimi dotacjami na odnawialne \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142a energii, mo\u017ce potencjalnie wype\u0142ni\u0107 luk\u0119 kosztow\u0105 mi\u0119dzy paliwami kopalnymi a zr\u00f3wnowa\u017conymi alternatywami. Globalny sektor \u017ceglugi morskiej poczyni\u0142 bardzo ograniczone post\u0119py w kierunku dekarbonizacji, g\u0142\u00f3wnie ze wzgl\u0119du na wysoki koszt paliw odnawialnych w por\u00f3wnaniu z paliwem bunkrowym.....<\/p>","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":318,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-309","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nCharting Course to Greener Waters: A Carbon Tax on Shipping Emissions - Think Carbon<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A proposed carbon tax on shipping emissions, alongside substantial US subsidies for renewables, could potentially bridge the cost gap between fossil-based fuels and sustainable alternatives.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thinkcarbon.org\/pl\/charting-course-to-greener-waters-a-carbon-tax-on-shipping-emissions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Charting Course to Greener Waters: A Carbon Tax on Shipping Emissions - 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