{"id":309,"date":"2023-07-12T10:37:20","date_gmt":"2023-07-12T10:37:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thinkcarbon.org\/?p=309"},"modified":"2023-07-12T13:42:56","modified_gmt":"2023-07-12T13:42:56","slug":"charting-course-to-greener-waters-a-carbon-tax-on-shipping-emissions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.thinkcarbon.org\/fr\/charting-course-to-greener-waters-a-carbon-tax-on-shipping-emissions\/","title":{"rendered":"Tracer la voie vers des eaux plus vertes : Une taxe carbone sur les \u00e9missions du transport maritime"},"content":{"rendered":"

Un num\u00e9ro d'\u00e9quilibriste en haute mer<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Une proposition de taxe carbone sur les \u00e9missions des navires, associ\u00e9e \u00e0 d'importantes subventions am\u00e9ricaines pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables, pourrait potentiellement combler l'\u00e9cart de co\u00fbt entre les combustibles fossiles et les solutions de remplacement durables.<\/p>\n

Le secteur mondial du transport maritime a tr\u00e8s peu progress\u00e9 sur la voie de la d\u00e9carbonisation, en grande partie \u00e0 cause du co\u00fbt \u00e9lev\u00e9 des carburants renouvelables par rapport aux combustibles de soute. Toutefois, les vents du changement pourraient bient\u00f4t gonfler les voiles du secteur. Une future taxe carbone sur les \u00e9missions des navires, combin\u00e9e \u00e0 d'importantes subventions am\u00e9ricaines pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables, pourrait compenser cette diff\u00e9rence de co\u00fbt. Si cette taxe et ces subventions se concr\u00e9tisent, la r\u00e9volution verte du secteur pourrait s'en trouver grandement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Tracer la voie vers la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Le secteur du transport maritime est responsable d'une part substantielle des \u00e9missions mondiales (3%), et il a grand besoin d'un plan de r\u00e9duction de son empreinte carbone. Les navires ont une dur\u00e9e de vie d'un quart de si\u00e8cle, ce qui signifie que tous les navires command\u00e9s aujourd'hui sillonneront encore les mers dans un monde \u00e0 z\u00e9ro \u00e9mission nette d'ici 2050. Les carburants alternatifs, en particulier ceux bas\u00e9s sur l'hydrog\u00e8ne vert, bien que prometteurs, sont encore immatures et doivent faire l'objet d'un d\u00e9veloppement beaucoup plus pouss\u00e9 avant d'\u00eatre viables.<\/p>\n

Naviguer dans les alternatives : Ammoniac vert et m\u00e9thanol<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Parmi les alternatives, l'ammoniac vert semble \u00eatre l'option la plus comp\u00e9titive. Toutefois, l'industrie du transport maritime est encore en train de se pencher sur les implications de ce carburant en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9. En revanche, le m\u00e9thanol vert, cr\u00e9\u00e9 par la r\u00e9action de l'hydrog\u00e8ne avec le dioxyde de carbone extrait de la biomasse ou de l'atmosph\u00e8re, est une technologie \u00e9prouv\u00e9e. C'est donc le point de d\u00e9part probable. En fait, 130 navires capables d'utiliser du m\u00e9thanol comme carburant ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en service.<\/p>\n

S'attaquer \u00e0 l'obstacle des co\u00fbts<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Cependant, l'obstacle du co\u00fbt demeure. Le combustible de soute reste nettement moins cher que l'une ou l'autre de ces solutions vertes. Pour illustrer ce propos, prenons le prix du combustible de soute de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, qui \u00e9tait de $825 par tonne. M\u00eame avec les estimations les plus basses du co\u00fbt de l'hydrog\u00e8ne vert \u00e0 $2,5 par kilogramme, l'ammoniac co\u00fbterait $1239 par tonne (\u00e9quivalent au mazout), selon Aparajit Pandey, responsable de la d\u00e9carbonisation du transport maritime au sein du groupe de r\u00e9flexion sur l'\u00e9nergie propre RMI. Le m\u00e9thanol ferait grimper le co\u00fbt \u00e0 $1400 par tonne.<\/p>\n

\u00c9tant donn\u00e9 que chaque tonne de mazout contient plus de trois tonnes de carbone, la taxe devrait \u00eatre fix\u00e9e \u00e0 $130-180 par tonne de CO2 pour que le changement soit \u00e9conomiquement viable, avant m\u00eame de prendre en compte les co\u00fbts d'infrastructure.<\/p>\n

Ce chiffre n'est toutefois pas d\u00e9raisonnable. Le syst\u00e8me d'\u00e9change de quotas d'\u00e9mission de l'Union europ\u00e9enne (SCEQE), qui sera impos\u00e9 sur les \u00e9missions des navires \u00e0 partir de 2024, tourne actuellement autour de 90 euros par tonne et devrait augmenter dans les ann\u00e9es \u00e0 venir. M\u00eame une taxe carbone moins \u00e9lev\u00e9e pourrait apporter un certain soulagement, surtout si elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 des subventions am\u00e9ricaines. Ces subventions pourraient r\u00e9duire le co\u00fbt de l'hydrog\u00e8ne de $1,5 par kilogramme. Cela pourrait r\u00e9duire consid\u00e9rablement la taxe sur le carbone \u00e0 deux chiffres, voire plus pour les carburants bas\u00e9s sur l'hydrog\u00e8ne le moins cher.<\/p>\n

Un appel aux armes pour l'industrie du transport maritime<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Les pays qui exportent des combustibles fossiles ou des marchandises sur de longues distances peuvent trembler \u00e0 l'id\u00e9e d'une taxe, quel qu'en soit le niveau. Elles devraient cependant revoir leur position. M\u00eame une taxe sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 $100 par tonne n'ajoute qu'un montant minuscule au co\u00fbt des marchandises transport\u00e9es. Il est grand temps que le secteur du transport maritime se mobilise et exprime fermement son soutien \u00e0 une taxe sur le carbone.<\/p>\n

R\u00e9flexions de Think Carbon<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Think Carbon, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans le calcul pr\u00e9dictif des \u00e9missions de carbone \u00e0 l'aide des derni\u00e8res technologies d'intelligence artificielle, a pris part au dialogue sur le transport maritime \u00e9cologique qui ne cesse d'\u00e9voluer. Son point de vue calcul\u00e9 sur les subventions propos\u00e9es pour les carburants verts et la taxe sur les carburants fossiles est qu'il ne s'agit pas seulement d'une bonne initiative, mais d'une initiative qui aurait d\u00fb \u00eatre prise il y a longtemps.<\/p>\n

Think Carbon se f\u00e9licite de ce progr\u00e8s : \"Nous sommes ravis de voir que le secteur du transport maritime international s'attaque enfin \u00e0 la question urgente des \u00e9missions de carbone. La subvention propos\u00e9e pour les carburants verts et la taxe sur les carburants d'origine fossile constituent un changement de cap n\u00e9cessaire et bienvenu\".<\/p>\n

Ils se font \u00e9galement l'\u00e9cho de l'appel aux armes lanc\u00e9 \u00e0 l'ensemble de la communaut\u00e9 mondiale : \"Nous encourageons vivement les pays \u00e0 investir dans les technologies de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de carbone. Il est essentiel, non seulement pour l'industrie du transport maritime, mais aussi pour tous les secteurs, de s'orienter vers la durabilit\u00e9 pour la sant\u00e9 de notre plan\u00e8te\". Il est clair qu'en cette \u00e8re de prise de conscience environnementale, chaque pas vers un avenir durable est un pas qui vaut la peine d'\u00eatre fait.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un acte d'\u00e9quilibre en haute mer Un projet de taxe carbone sur les \u00e9missions des navires, associ\u00e9 \u00e0 d'importantes subventions am\u00e9ricaines pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables, pourrait potentiellement combler l'\u00e9cart de co\u00fbt entre les combustibles fossiles et les alternatives durables. Le secteur mondial du transport maritime a tr\u00e8s peu progress\u00e9 sur la voie de la d\u00e9carbonisation, en grande partie \u00e0 cause du co\u00fbt \u00e9lev\u00e9 des carburants renouvelables par rapport aux combustibles de soute....<\/p>","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":318,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-309","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nCharting Course to Greener Waters: A Carbon Tax on Shipping Emissions - Think Carbon<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A proposed carbon tax on shipping emissions, alongside substantial US subsidies for renewables, could potentially bridge the cost gap between fossil-based fuels and sustainable alternatives.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thinkcarbon.org\/fr\/charting-course-to-greener-waters-a-carbon-tax-on-shipping-emissions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Charting Course to Greener Waters: A Carbon Tax on Shipping Emissions - 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