{"id":309,"date":"2023-07-12T10:37:20","date_gmt":"2023-07-12T10:37:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thinkcarbon.org\/?p=309"},"modified":"2023-07-12T13:42:56","modified_gmt":"2023-07-12T13:42:56","slug":"charting-course-to-greener-waters-a-carbon-tax-on-shipping-emissions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.thinkcarbon.org\/es\/charting-course-to-greener-waters-a-carbon-tax-on-shipping-emissions\/","title":{"rendered":"Rumbo a aguas m\u00e1s verdes: Un impuesto sobre las emisiones de carbono del transporte mar\u00edtimo"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Equilibrio en alta mar<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Una propuesta de impuesto sobre las emisiones de carbono del transporte mar\u00edtimo, junto con importantes subvenciones estadounidenses a las energ\u00edas renovables, podr\u00eda reducir la diferencia de costes entre los combustibles f\u00f3siles y las alternativas sostenibles.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El sector mundial del transporte mar\u00edtimo ha avanzado muy poco hacia la descarbonizaci\u00f3n, en gran parte debido al elevado coste de los combustibles renovables en comparaci\u00f3n con el combustible de caldera. Sin embargo, los vientos del cambio podr\u00edan pronto llenar las velas del sector. Un futuro impuesto sobre las emisiones de carbono del transporte mar\u00edtimo, combinado con importantes subvenciones estadounidenses a las energ\u00edas renovables, podr\u00eda igualar esta diferencia de costes. Si este impuesto y las subvenciones se hacen realidad, la revoluci\u00f3n verde del sector podr\u00eda acelerarse enormemente.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Rumbo a la reducci\u00f3n de emisiones<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El sector del transporte mar\u00edtimo es responsable de 3% de las emisiones mundiales y necesita urgentemente un plan para reducir su huella de carbono. La vida \u00fatil de los buques es de un cuarto de siglo, lo que significa que en 2050 todos los buques que se encarguen hoy seguir\u00e1n surcando los mares en un mundo con cero emisiones netas. Los combustibles alternativos, en particular los basados en el hidr\u00f3geno verde, aunque prometedores, a\u00fan est\u00e1n inmaduros y deben desarrollarse mucho m\u00e1s antes de ser viables.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Navegando por las alternativas: Amon\u00edaco verde y metanol<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Entre las alternativas, el amon\u00edaco verde parece ser la opci\u00f3n m\u00e1s competitiva. Sin embargo, el sector del transporte mar\u00edtimo a\u00fan no ha resuelto las implicaciones de este combustible para la seguridad. Por otro lado, el metanol verde, creado por la reacci\u00f3n del hidr\u00f3geno con di\u00f3xido de carbono extra\u00eddo de la biomasa o de la atm\u00f3sfera, es una tecnolog\u00eda probada. Es, por tanto, el punto de partida probable. De hecho, ya se han puesto en servicio 130 buques totalmente capaces de utilizar metanol como combustible.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Afrontar el obst\u00e1culo del coste<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sin embargo, persiste el obst\u00e1culo del coste. El combustible de caldera sigue siendo mucho m\u00e1s barato que cualquiera de estas alternativas ecol\u00f3gicas. Para ilustrarlo, consideremos el precio del combustible b\u00fanker del a\u00f1o pasado, que fue de $825 por tonelada. Incluso con las estimaciones m\u00e1s bajas del coste del hidr\u00f3geno ecol\u00f3gico, $2,5 por kilogramo, el amon\u00edaco costar\u00eda $1239 por tonelada (equivalente al fuel\u00f3leo), seg\u00fan Aparajit Pandey, responsable de descarbonizaci\u00f3n del transporte mar\u00edtimo del grupo de reflexi\u00f3n sobre energ\u00edas limpias RMI. El metanol elevar\u00eda el coste a $1400 por tonelada.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Teniendo en cuenta las m\u00e1s de tres toneladas de carbono que contiene cada tonelada de fuel\u00f3leo, la tasa deber\u00eda fijarse en $130-180 por tonelada de CO2 para que el cambio fuera econ\u00f3micamente viable, incluso antes de tener en cuenta los costes de infraestructura.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sin embargo, no es una cifra descabellada. El r\u00e9gimen de comercio de derechos de emisi\u00f3n de la Uni\u00f3n Europea (RCCDE), que se impondr\u00e1 a las emisiones del transporte mar\u00edtimo a partir de 2024, ronda actualmente los 90 euros por tonelada y se prev\u00e9 que aumente en los pr\u00f3ximos a\u00f1os. Incluso un impuesto sobre el carbono m\u00e1s bajo podr\u00eda suponer cierto alivio, sobre todo si se combina con subvenciones estadounidenses. Estas subvenciones podr\u00edan reducir en $1,5 por kilogramo el coste del hidr\u00f3geno. Esto podr\u00eda reducir dr\u00e1sticamente el impuesto sobre el carbono necesario a dos d\u00edgitos, o incluso m\u00e1s en el caso de los combustibles basados en el hidr\u00f3geno m\u00e1s barato.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Llamamiento a la industria naviera<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Las naciones que exportan combustibles f\u00f3siles o mercanc\u00edas a grandes distancias pueden temblar ante la idea de un gravamen a cualquier nivel. Sin embargo, deber\u00edan reconsiderar su postura. Incluso un impuesto superior a $100 por tonelada s\u00f3lo a\u00f1ade cantidades min\u00fasculas al coste de las mercanc\u00edas transportadas. Ya es hora de que el sector del transporte mar\u00edtimo se una y exprese firmemente su apoyo a un impuesto sobre el carbono.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Ideas de Think Carbon<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En el di\u00e1logo sobre el transporte mar\u00edtimo ecol\u00f3gico, Think Carbon, una empresa especializada en el c\u00e1lculo predictivo del carbono mediante las \u00faltimas tecnolog\u00edas de inteligencia artificial, ha entrado en la conversaci\u00f3n. Su calculada opini\u00f3n sobre las subvenciones propuestas para los combustibles ecol\u00f3gicos y el gravamen sobre los combustibles f\u00f3siles es que no s\u00f3lo se trata de una buena medida, sino de algo que deber\u00eda haberse hecho hace tiempo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Think Carbon aplaude este avance: \"Estamos encantados de ver que el sector del transporte mar\u00edtimo internacional aborda por fin el acuciante problema de las emisiones de carbono. La subvenci\u00f3n propuesta para los combustibles ecol\u00f3gicos y el gravamen sobre los combustibles f\u00f3siles es un cambio muy necesario y bienvenido en la direcci\u00f3n correcta.\"<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tambi\u00e9n se hacen eco del llamamiento a la comunidad mundial en general: \"Animamos de todo coraz\u00f3n a m\u00e1s naciones a invertir en tecnolog\u00edas de reducci\u00f3n de las emisiones de carbono. Es crucial no s\u00f3lo para la industria naviera, sino para todos los sectores, pivotar hacia la sostenibilidad por la salud de nuestro planeta\". Dejan claro que en esta era de conciencia medioambiental, cada paso hacia un futuro sostenible es un paso que merece la pena dar.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Una propuesta de impuesto sobre las emisiones de carbono del transporte mar\u00edtimo, junto con importantes subvenciones estadounidenses a las energ\u00edas renovables, podr\u00eda reducir la diferencia de costes entre los combustibles f\u00f3siles y las alternativas sostenibles. El sector del transporte mar\u00edtimo mundial ha avanzado muy poco hacia la descarbonizaci\u00f3n, en gran parte debido al elevado coste de los combustibles renovables en comparaci\u00f3n con el combustible de los buques....<\/p>","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":318,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-309","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Charting Course to Greener Waters: A Carbon Tax on Shipping Emissions - Think Carbon<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A proposed carbon tax on shipping emissions, alongside substantial US subsidies for renewables, could potentially bridge the cost gap between fossil-based fuels and sustainable alternatives.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thinkcarbon.org\/es\/charting-course-to-greener-waters-a-carbon-tax-on-shipping-emissions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Charting Course to Greener Waters: A Carbon Tax on Shipping Emissions - 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